Habits of excellence: why are European ccTLD abuse rates so low?

European Union country-code Top Level Domain registries (EU ccTLDs) as a group have strikingly low levels of domain names associated with spam, phishing and malware. This study asks whether the data accuracy practices of European Union (EU) country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) registries contribute to those low levels of malicious domain names within EU ccTLDs.