Joyce Hakmeh

Rethinking Scam Prevention: Large-Scale, AI-powered analysis for a Safeguarding Approach

This report, authored by Oxford Information Labs Research (OXIL Research) with support from Google.org, uses AI-powered semantic analysis of 28.6 million domain-based signals collected through the Global Signal Exchange (GSE) to analyse scammer behaviour in 2025. The analysis measures semantic relevance of domain-based signals for target groups, age groups and thematic lures employed by scammers. The findings challenge traditional assumptions about victimhood and advocate for a transition from individual awareness to a collective safeguarding approach.